Design optimization is the process of using mathematical and computational methods to improve the performance, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of a design. CFD plays a critical role in the design optimization process by providing detailed simulations and predictions of the performance of a design under different operating conditions. This can be used to identify areas for improvement and to optimize the design for specific performance criteria. CFD simulations can be used for design optimization in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, mechanical engineering, and chemical process industry. For example, in aerospace industry, CFD simulations can be used to optimize the design of aircraft wings for maximum lift and minimum drag, in automotive industry CFD can be used to optimize the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. In the mechanical engineering industry, CFD can be used to optimize the design of heat exchangers and other thermal systems to increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption. In the chemical process industry, CFD can be used to optimize the design of reactors, separators, and other process equipment to improve performance and increase efficiency. Overall, CFD is a powerful tool that can be used to optimize the design of a wide range of systems and products, helping to improve performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.